Monin-Obukhov theory

Monin-Obukhov theory describes how the Earth's surface influences the weather and atmosphere's behavior close to the ground. It explains how factors like temperature differences and wind speed create turbulence and mixing of air, affecting things like heat, moisture, and pollutants near the surface. The theory provides formulas to predict these exchanges under different conditions, accounting for stability or instability in the atmosphere—such as a calm, cool night versus a windy, warm day. Overall, it helps meteorologists understand and model interactions between the surface and the atmosphere to improve weather forecasts and climate studies.