Moniliophthora perniciosa

Moniliophthora perniciosa is a fungus that causes a disease called witches' broom in cacao plants, which are used to produce chocolate. It infects the plant’s buds and stems, leading to abnormal growths and destruction of pod development. The infection can severely reduce cacao yields, impacting farmers and the chocolate industry globally. The fungus spreads through spores and thrives in humid, warm environments, making some regions more vulnerable. Managing this disease involves monitoring, cultural practices, and fungicide use to protect crops and ensure sustainable chocolate production.