molecular self-assembly

Molecular self-assembly is a natural process where individual molecules organize into structured, functional arrangements without external guidance. This occurs because molecules naturally interact through forces like attraction, repulsion, and bonding, seeking the most stable configuration. For example, in biology, proteins fold into specific shapes essential for their function, and cell membranes form a barrier to control what enters and exits. This process is fundamental to many natural and technological systems, enabling the creation of complex structures from simple components efficiently and spontaneously.