molecular effusion

Molecular effusion is the process where gas molecules pass through a tiny opening from one container to another without colliding with each other. Imagine a gas in a container with a small hole; molecules near the opening can slip through individually, moving at different speeds. Lighter molecules tend to pass through more quickly than heavier ones because their higher average speeds give them more energy to get through the opening. Effusion depends on the size of the opening, the size and speed of the molecules, and the temperature. It helps explain behaviors in gases and is related to concepts like molecular velocity.