Modular exponentiation

Modular exponentiation is a mathematical process used to find the remainder when a number raised to a power is divided by a specific divisor. It involves calculating \(a^b \mod m\), where \(a\) is the base, \(b\) is the exponent, and \(m\) is the modulus. This technique efficiently computes large exponents without handling huge numbers by repeatedly multiplying and reducing the result modulo \(m\). It's essential in cryptography, particularly for secure communication, as it allows for secure key exchanges and encryptions while managing computational complexity.