Modes of Production

Modes of production refer to the dominant way a society produces and distributes goods and services. It includes the resources, tools, labor, and social relationships involved. For example, in a feudal society, land and agriculture are central, with lords and serfs exchanging labor for protection. In contrast, industrial societies rely on machinery, factories, and wage labor. These modes shape economic structures, social hierarchies, and cultural practices, evolving over time as technology and social organization change. Understanding modes of production helps explain how societies organize work and wealth, and how economic systems influence social relations.