models of learning

Models of learning are ways psychologists understand how we acquire knowledge and skills. Classical conditioning involves learning through associations, such as Pavlov’s dogs salivating to a sound because they expect food. Operant conditioning is learning driven by consequences—rewards or punishments that shape behavior. Observational learning occurs when we imitate others’ actions after watching them. Cognitive models focus on internal mental processes like thinking and problem-solving. Each model explains different mechanisms of how we adapt and grow, helping educators and psychologists develop better methods to facilitate learning.