models of educational change

Models of educational change describe different ways schools and educators adapt and improve. Some emphasize top-down change, where leaders set policies that others follow. Others focus on bottom-up change, where teachers and students influenced by their experiences drive improvements. Some models promote gradual, continuous adjustments, while others advocate for radical, transformative shifts. The choice depends on goals, culture, and context, but all aim to enhance learning outcomes by understanding how change happens and supporting effective strategies.