Mod

"Mod" (short for "modulo") is a mathematical operation that finds the remainder when one number is divided by another. For example, if you divide 17 by 5, the quotient is 3 (because 5 fits into 17 three times), and the remainder is 2. So, 17 mod 5 equals 2. Think of it as asking, "What’s left over after sharing evenly?" It’s widely used in computing, cryptography, and algorithms to determine positions, cycles, or to compare numbers within a fixed range.