Moctezuma (Mesoamerican ruler)

Moctezuma II was a powerful ruler of the Aztec Empire in the early 16th century, reigning from 1502 to 1520. He governed a vast and sophisticated civilization in what is now Mexico, known for impressive cities, advanced agriculture, and complex religious practices. Moctezuma is most famous for his encounter with Spanish conquistadors led by Hernán Cortés, which ultimately contributed to the empire's collapse. His reign marked the empire's height but also saw internal tensions and the beginning of its downfall amid European contact.