Mitochondrial Evolution

Mitochondrial evolution refers to how mitochondria, the energy-producing structures in cells, originated from ancient bacteria that were absorbed by early eukaryotic cells. This unlikely partnership provided cells with efficient energy production, leading to a symbiotic relationship. Over time, these bacteria became integrated as mitochondria, retaining their own DNA. As a result, mitochondria can be traced back to a common ancestor, providing insight into evolutionary history. This process highlights how complex life evolved through cooperation and genetic exchange, shaping the way all oxygen-using, energy-demanding organisms function today.