mineral extraction techniques

Mineral extraction involves retrieving valuable minerals from the earth through various methods. Surface mining removes layers of soil and rock to access deposits near the surface, including techniques like open-pit and strip mining. Underground mining involves digging tunnels to reach minerals deeper underground. In both methods, tools and machinery are used to drill, blast, or excavate the minerals. After extraction, minerals are processed to remove impurities and prepare them for use. The choice of technique depends on the mineral's location, depth, and the surrounding geology, balancing efficiency with environmental considerations.