microsatellite

Microsatellites are short, repeating sequences of DNA—typically 1 to 6 base pairs long—that occur throughout the genome. Think of them as genetic "stutters" where a small pattern, like "AT" or "GGA," repeats multiple times. These regions are highly variable among individuals, making them useful for genetic research, forensic analysis, and studying diversity. Changes in the number of repeats can occur through mutation, providing a genetic fingerprint unique to each person or organism. Microsatellites are valuable tools for understanding inheritance, evolution, and familial relationships.