microneedle fabrication

Microneedle fabrication involves creating tiny, needle-like structures usually made from biocompatible materials, which can deliver drugs or vaccines through the skin. The process typically starts with designing the needle shape using computer models, then shaping the material (like plastics, metals, or polymers) through methods such as casting, etching, or 3D printing. These tiny needles are precisely made to penetrate the skin without causing significant pain or damage, enabling effective and minimally invasive delivery of medications. The fabrication process balances accuracy, material properties, and scale to produce safe, reliable microneedles for medical use.