microbial mat

A microbial mat is a layered community of microorganisms, mainly bacteria and algae, that form a thick, stable film on surfaces in aquatic or moist environments. These mats develop over time as different microbes grow in specific layers, creating a complex ecosystem that can capture and recycle nutrients efficiently. They often appear as slimy, colorful sheets on rocks, sediments, or the bottom of lakes and ponds. Microbial mats play a vital role in the Earth's ecosystems by supporting nutrient cycles, contributing to the formation of some fossil fuels, and providing habitat for diverse microbial life.