microbial cryopreservation protocols

Microbial cryopreservation involves cooling microorganisms, like bacteria or fungi, to very low temperatures to halt all biological activity and preserve them long-term. Typically, cells are mixed with cryoprotectants (substances like glycerol or dimethyl sulfoxide) to prevent ice crystal formation, which can damage cell structures. The sample is then gradually cooled, usually in a controlled freezer or liquid nitrogen at -196°C. When needed, microbes are quickly thawed and revived for research, industrial use, or conservation. This process maintains microbial viability and genetic stability over time, making it a vital tool for biological preservation.