Micoscopic theory of light

The microscopic theory of light explains that light consists of tiny particles called photons, which are quantum objects carrying energy and momentum. These photons behave both like particles and waves, enabling phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and diffraction. When light interacts with matter, these interactions occur at the microscopic level, involving exchanges of energy between photons and atoms. This theory bridges classical wave ideas with quantum mechanics, providing a deeper understanding of how light behaves at very small scales and how it interacts with materials, underlying many modern technologies like lasers, solar cells, and optical fibers.