MHD equations

Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations describe how electrically conducting fluids—like plasmas, liquid metals, or saltwater—move and interact with magnetic fields. They combine principles from fluid dynamics (movement of liquids and gases) and electromagnetism (electric and magnetic fields). The key equations include the Navier-Stokes equations for fluid flow, modified to account for electromagnetic forces, and Maxwell's equations for magnetic fields, adapted for conductive media. These equations help predict behaviors such as magnetic field generation (dynamo effect), plasma confinement in fusion reactors, and dynamics of cosmic phenomena, by capturing the complex interplay between fluid motion and magnetic influences.