metamorphism

Metamorphism is the process where existing rocks change their mineral composition and structure due to high heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids, without melting into liquid rock. This alteration typically occurs deep beneath Earth's surface, transforming rocks like shale into slate or limestone into marble. The change results from environmental conditions that reconfigure the mineral grains and internal bonds, creating new textures and characteristics while maintaining the rock’s overall solidity. Metamorphism provides insight into geological processes and the Earth's history, revealing how rocks adapt under varying pressure and temperature over time.