Metallurgy in Ancient Civilizations

Metallurgy in ancient civilizations refers to the art and science of extracting, refining, and working with metals such as copper, bronze, gold, and iron. Early societies learned to identify ores, develop techniques like smelting to extract metals from rocks, and create tools, weapons, and ornaments. This innovation advanced technology, trade, and culture, enabling societies to build stronger tools and expand their capabilities. Over time, centuries of experimentation led to improved methods, forming the foundation for modern metallurgy. This craftsmanship played a crucial role in shaping economic development and societal progress in ancient history.