Menstrual Cycle Effects

The menstrual cycle is a monthly hormonal process that prepares the body for pregnancy. It involves changes in the ovaries and uterus, regulated mainly by hormones like estrogen and progesterone. During this cycle, an egg matures and is released (ovulation). The uterus also thickens its lining to support potential pregnancy. If fertilization doesn’t occur, hormone levels drop, leading to shedding of the uterine lining — known as menstruation or period. These hormonal shifts can cause symptoms like mood swings, breast tenderness, and abdominal discomfort, which vary among individuals. The cycle typically lasts about 28 days but can range from 21 to 35 days.