Mendel's laws of inheritance

Mendel's laws of inheritance describe how traits are passed from parents to their offspring. The Law of Segregation states that each parent contributes one set of genes for each trait, which separate during reproduction. The Law of Independent Assortment means that the inheritance of one trait generally doesn't affect another, so different traits are inherited independently. Together, these laws explain how genetic variation arises, with offspring receiving a mix of genes from both parents, leading to differences in traits within a species.