Mendel’s laws (Mendelian genetics)

Mendel’s laws describe how genes are inherited. The Law of Segregation states that each parent passes only one of their two gene copies for a trait to their offspring, randomly. The Law of Independent Assortment says that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other. These principles explain how traits like eye color or height are passed down in predictable patterns, leading to the variety of characteristics seen in a population. Overall, Mendel’s laws highlight the fundamental mechanisms behind heredity and genetic variation.