Memphis (ancient capital)

Ancient Memphis was a major city in Egypt, serving as its first capital during the Old Kingdom period (around 3100–2180 BC). Located near the Nile River, it was an important cultural, political, and religious center, known for its monumental architecture, including the famous Step Pyramid of Djoser. Memphis was a hub for trade, administration, and craftsmanship, symbolizing the unity of Upper and Lower Egypt. Over time, its prominence declined, but it remains a vital archaeological and historical site, offering insights into early Egyptian civilization and its complex societal structure.