Memoization

Memoization is a technique used in programming to improve efficiency by saving the results of expensive function calls. When a function is called with a specific set of inputs, memoization stores the output so that if the same inputs occur again, the result can be retrieved instantly, rather than recomputing. Think of it like a smart cache: it remembers previous calculations to speed up future ones. This method is particularly useful for functions involving complex calculations or recursive processes, reducing processing time and resource use without changing the core logic.