Membrane separation theory

Membrane separation theory is based on the idea that a selectively permeable membrane allows certain substances to pass through while blocking others. This process separates mixtures by exploiting differences in size, charge, or chemical properties. For example, in water purification, membranes filter out contaminants and impurities while letting clean water pass. The theory explains how various factors—like membrane material, pressure, and temperature—influence the efficiency and selectivity of separation. Overall, it’s a way to isolate specific components from a mixture using a barrier that favors some substances over others.