Membrane-less organelles

Membrane-less organelles are specialized structures within cells that organize and concentrate molecules without being enclosed by a membrane, unlike traditional organelles such as the nucleus or mitochondria. They form through a process called phase separation, where certain proteins and RNA molecules cluster together, creating dynamic, droplet-like compartments. These structures help regulate biochemical reactions, filter molecules, and respond quickly to cell signals, enhancing cellular efficiency. Examples include stress granules and nucleoli. Because they lack defining membranes, membrane-less organelles are flexible and can assemble or disassemble as needed, playing crucial roles in cellular function and response to stress.