medieval Islamic science

Medieval Islamic science was a period of remarkable innovation between roughly the 8th and 14th centuries, where scholars built on earlier knowledge to advance medicine, astronomy, mathematics, chemistry, and physics. They translated and preserved Greek and Roman works, then expanded on them with new discoveries, inventions, and systematic methods. Notable contributions include algebra, understanding of optics, surgical tools, and detailed star maps. Islamic scientists emphasized observation, experimentation, and documentation, laying foundations that later influenced European Renaissance science. This era exemplifies a vibrant, collaborative pursuit of knowledge that bridged cultures and enriched world understanding.