mechanisms of enzymatic reactions

Enzymatic reactions are processes where enzymes act like biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions without being consumed. They work by lowering the activation energy—the energy needed to start a reaction—making it easier for molecules to transform. Enzymes have specific shapes that fit their target molecules, called substrates, similar to a lock and key. When the substrate binds to the enzyme, it forms a complex that facilitates the reaction, converting the substrate into a product. Afterward, the enzyme remains unchanged and can catalyze additional reactions, helping biological processes occur efficiently and quickly.