Mechanics of Fold Formation

Fold formation occurs when rocks are subjected to compressive forces deep within the Earth’s crust. These forces cause the layers of rock to bend and buckle, creating wave-like structures called folds. This process is similar to how a rug wrinkles when pushed or stepped on. Factors influencing fold development include the type of rocks, the amount of pressure, and the temperature. As the rocks bend, they form different types of folds, such as gentle arches (anticlines) or troughs (synclines). This process plays a key role in shaping mountain ranges and other geological features.