mechanical properties of materials

Mechanical properties of materials describe how they respond to forces and influences. Key properties include strength (resistance to breaking or deforming), ductility (ability to stretch without breaking), hardness (resistance to surface indentation), toughness (ability to absorb energy without fracturing), and elasticity (ability to return to original shape after deformation). These characteristics determine how materials can be used effectively in structural and design applications, ensuring safety, durability, and performance under various loads and conditions.