measurement bias

Measurement bias occurs when there is a systematic error in how data is collected or recorded, leading to results that consistently overestimate or underestimate the true value. This bias can arise from faulty instruments, poorly designed surveys, or researcher expectations influencing outcomes. As a result, the data doesn’t accurately reflect reality, which can distort conclusions, decisions, or research findings. Recognizing and minimizing measurement bias is essential for ensuring reliable, valid results in any data collection process.