Max Horkheimer's Critique of Instrumental Reason

Max Horkheimer's critique of instrumental reason highlights how modern societies prioritize efficiency and practicality over ethical considerations and human values. In the context of Marxism and Critical Theory, he argues that this narrow focus reduces human relations to mere tools for achieving goals, undermining individuality and social justice. Horkheimer sees this as a reflection of capitalist logic, where people become means to an end rather than valued ends in themselves. By emphasizing instrumental rationality, societies risk neglecting moral and social responsibilities, leading to alienation and oppression. Horkheimer advocates for a more holistic approach that integrates ethics into rational thought.