Mathematics in the 19th Century

Mathematics in the 19th century was a period of rapid growth and discovery, marked by a formalization of many concepts. Mathematicians developed rigorous foundations for calculus, explored abstract structures like groups and rings, and advanced geometry beyond Euclidean principles. This era also saw the emergence of set theory and formal logic, which transformed how mathematicians understand and prove ideas. These developments laid the groundwork for modern mathematics, making it more precise and systematic, and opening new fields of research that continue to influence science and technology today.