mathematical networks

Mathematical networks are structures composed of nodes (points) connected by edges (lines) that represent relationships or interactions. They are used to model complex systems like social connections, transportation routes, or neural pathways. Through mathematical rules and formulas, networks help analyze how information, influence, or resources flow within the system, identify important nodes, detect community structures, and optimize performance. Essentially, they provide a formal way to study and understand the interconnected nature of various real-world systems using precise, mathematical language.