Material Fatigue Theory

Material Fatigue Theory explains how materials, such as metals, gradually weaken and eventually fail after repeated cycles of stress or loading—even if those stresses are below the material's maximum strength. Over time, small cracks develop and grow with each load cycle, leading to eventual fracture. Think of bending a paperclip back and forth; it might bend easily at first, but after many cycles, it snaps. This theory helps engineers predict the lifespan of components subject to repetitive stresses, ensuring safety and durability in structures like bridges, aircraft, and machinery.