mass transfer operations

Mass transfer operations involve the movement of substances, such as liquids or gases, from one phase or location to another, often to separate or purify components. These processes rely on differences in concentration, pressure, or temperature to drive the transfer. Common examples include distillation (separating liquids by boiling points), absorption, extraction, and filtration. They are fundamental in industries like chemical manufacturing, water treatment, and food processing, enabling efficient separation, purification, and isolation of specific substances to achieve desired product qualities or remove impurities.