Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter

The Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) is a scientific instrument carried by NASA's Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. It uses laser pulses to measure the distance from the spacecraft to the Martian surface very precisely, creating detailed 3D maps of the planet's topography. By bouncing laser beams off the surface and measuring the time it takes for the reflections to return, MOLA helps scientists understand Mars's terrain, elevation changes, and landforms. This detailed elevation data is crucial for studying Mars's geology, climate history, and for planning future missions or landing sites.