marked graphs

Marked graphs are a type of mathematical model used to represent systems with concurrent, interacting processes—common in computer networks, manufacturing, or workflows. Imagine a diagram with nodes (events) connected by directed lines (processes), where each node has a "mark" indicating the number of resources or tokens available at that point. These marks help analyze how resources are allocated and how tasks progress over time, ensuring the system functions smoothly without deadlocks. Marked graphs provide a clear way to visualize and study the flow of operations and resource sharing in complex, interconnected systems.