Maritime history of India

India’s maritime history spans thousands of years, highlighting its role as a major hub for trade, culture, and exploration. Ancient Indian sailors traded with the Middle East, Africa, and Southeast Asia, establishing thriving ports like Pataliputra and Lothal. The Indus Valley Civilization and later kingdoms like Cholas and Chalukyas built powerful navies for trade and warfare. During the Mughal era, India’s coastlines remained vital for commerce. European colonial powers, including the Portuguese, Dutch, and British, arrived between the 15th and 18th centuries, shaping maritime routes and control. Today, India continues to prioritize maritime strength through modern ports and naval capabilities.