Mapping Projection

Mapping projection is a method used to represent the curved surface of the Earth on a flat map. Because the Earth is round, translating its surface onto a flat sheet involves transforming geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) into a two-dimensional plane. Different projection methods prioritize preserving certain features—like area, shape, distance, or direction—while accepting distortions in others. Think of it like pressing an orange peel flat: some details stretch or shrink, but the overall shape remains recognizable. Map projections are essential for navigation, geography, and various spatial analyses, ensuring accurate representation of Earth's features in a usable format.