manic-depressive illness

Manic-depressive illness, also known as bipolar disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by significant mood swings. People experience episodes of mania, marked by elevated energy, euphoria, and impulsiveness, and episodes of depression, involving feelings of sadness, fatigue, and hopelessness. These mood shifts can affect thoughts, behaviors, and daily functioning. The exact cause is unknown, but genetics, brain chemistry, and life events play roles. Bipolar disorder is manageable with treatment, including medication and therapy, helping individuals stabilize their moods and improve their quality of life.