mandaeism

Mandaeism is an ancient Gnostic religion originating in the Middle East, emphasizing baptism, purity, and a dualistic worldview that distinguishes between light and darkness. Practitioners, known as Mandaeans, reverence John the Baptist and conduct ritual baptisms called "masbuta" to cleanse spiritual impurities. The religion values sacred texts written in Mandaic language and has a highly developed cosmology and ethical code. Today, Mandaeism remains a small, resilient community primarily in Iraq and Iran, preserving its traditions despite historical hardships. It is one of the earliest surviving Gnostic faiths, reflecting a unique spiritual perspective on salvation and knowledge.