major scholars in astronomy

Major scholars in astronomy include Galileo Galilei, who improved telescopes and made pioneering observations of planets; Johannes Kepler, who formulated laws describing planetary motion; Isaac Newton, who explained gravity and the motion of celestial bodies; and Edwin Hubble, who demonstrated the universe is expanding by observing distant galaxies. These scientists laid the foundation for understanding how the universe works, from planetary orbits to the vast expansion of space itself. Their discoveries transformed astronomy from a philosophical pursuit into a scientific discipline grounded in observation, mathematics, and testable theories.