Magnetometry techniques

Magnetometry techniques measure magnetic fields to detect variations caused by underground resources, structures, or defects. They include methods like fluxgate magnetometers, which use magnetic sensors to detect small changes in magnetic fields, and optically pumped magnetometers, which use laser light to measure magnetic influences on atoms. These techniques are used in geology, archaeology, and engineering to map subsurface features without excavation. By analyzing magnetic data, scientists can identify mineral deposits, buried artifacts, or infrastructural elements, making magnetometry a valuable, non-invasive tool for understanding what lies beneath the Earth's surface.