magnetic domain walls

Magnetic domain walls are boundaries within a magnetic material that separate regions, called domains, where the magnetic moments (tiny magnetic fields of atoms) are aligned in different directions. Think of these walls as the borders between different neighborhoods in a city, each with its own street layout. The domain wall represents a transition zone where the magnetic orientation gradually changes from one domain to another. These walls influence a material's magnetic properties and can move under magnetic fields, which is important in technologies like data storage and magnetic sensors.