Magnetic domain

A magnetic domain is a small region within a magnetic material where the magnetic moments (tiny magnetic fields) of atoms are aligned in the same direction. In an unmagnetized object, these domains are oriented randomly, canceling out each other's magnetic effect. When the material is magnetized, many or all domains align in the same direction, creating an overall magnetic field. Think of domains as tiny magnets within the metal; their collective alignment determines the material's magnetic strength and behavior. This concept helps explain how materials become magnetic and how magnetic properties can change.