Mach-Zehnder modulator

A Mach-Zehnder modulator is an optical device that controls light signals for high-speed communication. It works by splitting a light beam into two paths, then changing the phase of one path using an electric signal. When the two paths are combined again, the interference between them determines the light’s intensity, effectively turning the light on or off or varying its strength. This process allows precise modulation of data transmitted through optical fibers, enabling faster and more efficient telecommunications networks.