MacGregor (theory)

McGregor’s theory, known as Theory X and Theory Y, explains different management styles based on assumptions about employee motivation. Theory X assumes employees dislike work, require close supervision, and need to be controlled and threatened to be productive. In contrast, Theory Y views employees as naturally motivated, responsible, and capable of self-direction when trusted and given meaningful work. Managers adopting Theory X tend to be more authoritarian, while those embracing Theory Y foster a participative environment. The idea encourages managers to recognize employee potential and create motivating workplaces by shifting from controlling to empowering approaches.