MacArthur-Wilson Theory

The MacArthur-Wilson Theory explains how species colonize and persist on islands through a balance between immigration (new species arriving) and extinction (species disappearing). When an island is close to the mainland, it's easier for new species to arrive, increasing diversity. As more species inhabit the island, competition may raise extinction rates. Over time, a dynamic equilibrium forms where the number of species remains relatively constant. This theory helps us understand patterns of island biodiversity based on location, size, and isolation, highlighting the importance of both immigration and extinction in shaping island ecosystems.